The Theory Of Psychology And Personality Development

Personality Report There are many theorists that have made psychology incredible, and have paved the way for what we believe psychology to consist of today. Some important theorists that I believe have made a huge contribution are Sigmund Freud, Karen Horney, and Dollard and Miller. These theorists have all had their own view on personality development, and I believe that these ideas have shaped the way in which we view psychology today. The many interpretations of conflict, psychotherapy, and cultural and biological aspects of personality have shaped their views and differences as well. Sigmund Freud, known as the father of psychology, developed some of the first theories of modern psychology. One of his well-known theories is the structural model of the psyche. According to Freud, most of what drives individuals is buried in the unconscious mind. There are three main forces that drive humans, which include the id, the ego, and the super-ego. The id is the summation of basic personal needs and desires. It is completely self-centered, and has no care for sensibility or reality. It strives for what it wants, when it wants it with no other considerations. The second part of the personality is the ego. The ego is the realization of reality. It is the ego’s job to, in a sense, counteract the selfishness and impractically if the id. The third part, the super-ego, is morals and acquired beliefs of right and wrong. According to Freud, in order to have a healthy personality, one’sShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Psychology And Personality Development1802 Words   |  8 Pages Personality Report There are many theorists that have made psychology incredible, and have paved the way for what we believe psychology to consist of today. Some important theorists that I believe have made a huge contribution are Sigmund Freud, Karen Horney, and Dollard and Miller. These theorists have all had their own view on personality development, and I believe that these ideas have shaped the way in which we view psychology today. The many interpretations of conflict, psychotherapy, and culturalRead MorePsychology : Learning, Development, Stress And Health, And Personality Theories1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthat’s fine. Psychology plays a major role in the way we are brought up and who we are today. Believe it or not, the way we are taught and the way we are are today deals with the way our brain has grown and developed throughout our years on this earth. During psychology class, I learned about many different theories that different people came up with to clarify how we act today. In thi s paper i’m going to use my knowledge of learning, development, stress and health, and personality theories and integrateRead MoreIndividual Psychology in the Real World809 Words   |  3 PagesIndividual psychology is a theory developed by Alfred Alder to explain human personality and the behaviors that stem from that personality. His personality theory regards people in a positive light especially in their potential to overcome physical disabilities and the feelings of inferiority that stem from them. Individual psychology can also be used to explain underlying causes of mental and physical disorders. Susan E. Belangee in her article â€Å"Couples and Eating Disorders: An Individual PsychologyRead MoreInterview With The Personality Theorist1318 Words   |  6 Pagesassignment is to prepare a transcript for a mocked interview with four personality theorist. The four personality theorists included in this interview are; Horney, Erikson, Jung, and Adler. In this mocked in terview, one will pretend to ask each theorist a combination of questions about the viewpoints of Sigmund Freud, and his daughter, Anna Freud. In addition, each theorist will explain what impact they believe their work has had on psychology as they see it today. Outline of Interview Interviewer: KathleenRead MoreFreudian Psychoanalysis As The Forerunner Of All Psychotherapeutic Methods979 Words   |  4 Pagescoping mechanism (Jones Butman, 2012) Freud’s model of personality posits that: 1. There are three levels of consciousness: the conscious experiences, the preconscious experiences, and unconscious experiences, however, all behavior is determined by unconscious experiences. 2. Human Behavior is determined by past unresolved events from childhood. 3. Human behavior is determined by the interaction of sexual and aggressive drives. 4. Personality is structured in terms the id, ego and superego. The idRead MoreWhat Can Psychology Teach Us About Human Development?1558 Words   |  7 PagesPSYCHOLOGY ESSAY WHAT CAN PSYCHOLOGY TEACH US ABOUT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT? WORDCOUNT 1532 INTRODUCTION Psychology evolved out of both philosophy and biology. Discussions on the two subjects date as far back as the early Greek thinkers such as Aristotle and Socrates. The word psychology is derived from the Greek word ‘psyche’ meaning ‘soul’ or ‘mind’. Psychology is both an applied and academic field, that is the scientific study Of behaviour and experience. Research into psychology helps us toRead MorePsychology : The Positive Psychology Movement1269 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most recent branches of psychology to emerge is the positive psychology movement. Based on the text, positive psychology is one of the most important aspects in determining how to enhance the personality by helping individuals recognize their human potential to learn and achieve. In this assignment one will compare the view points of Maslow, Rogers, and the positive psychology movement concerning individual personality. Recent studies have shown that personality theory and assessment plays an importantRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1292 Words   |  6 Pages Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the differences between people’s behaviors in terms of patterns, cognitions, and emotion. Personality psychology has been around for centuries, since Hippocrates’ Four Humors. Personality psychology has taken on many forms and has continued to develop throughout the centuries. Personality psychology is also developed with and from other fields of psychology like child development, behavioral, cognitive, and few others. PersonalityRead MoreWhy Is Psychology Useful?1541 Words   |  7 Pages Why Is Psychology Useful: In its primary form, psychology studies humans- who and what they are and what they are. Psychology looks into why people act and think a certain way and how someone can improve themselves. Psychology allows people to understand more about how the mind and body works together. Knowledge such as this can help with decision making processes and avoiding stressful situations. It can help with time management, setting and achieving goalsRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychoanalysis On The Unconscious Phases Of Personality Development1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of Psychoanalysis In the early 1800s, Psychologist and researchers were fervent in postulating and hypothesizing. Searching earnestly for answers to the many questions that were prevalent in those days. The theory of Psychoanalysis was one of such theory that was founded. Psychoanalysis emphases on the unconscious phases of personality development. The main tenets of this theory are characterized into four subsections. Firstly, it states that early childhood experiences are important in The Theory Of Psychology And Personality Development Personality Report There are many theorists that have made psychology incredible, and have paved the way for what we believe psychology to consist of today. Some important theorists that I believe have made a huge contribution are Sigmund Freud, Karen Horney, and Dollard and Miller. These theorists have all had their own view on personality development, and I believe that these ideas have shaped the way in which we view psychology today. The many interpretations of conflict, psychotherapy, and cultural and biological aspects of personality have shaped their views and differences as well. Sigmund Freud, known as the father of psychology, developed some of the first theories of modern psychology. One of his well-known theories is the structural model of the psyche. According to Freud, most of what drives individuals is buried in the unconscious mind. There are three main forces that drive humans, which include the id, the ego, and the super-ego. The id is the summation of basic personal needs and desires. It is completely self-centered, and has no care for sensibility or reality. It strives for what it wants, when it wants it with no other considerations. The second part of the personality is the ego. The ego is the realization of reality. It is the ego’s job to, in a sense, counteract the selfishness and impractically if the id. The third part, the super-ego, is morals and acquired beliefs of right and wrong. According to Freud, in order to have a healthy personality, one’sShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Psychology And Personality Development1802 Words   |  8 PagesPersonality Report There are many theorists that have made psychology incredible, and have paved the way for what we believe psychology to consist of today. Some important theorists that I believe have made a huge contribution are Sigmund Freud, Karen Horney, and Dollard and Miller. These theorists have all had their own view on personality development, and I believe that these ideas have shaped the way in which we view psychology today. The many interpretations of conflict, psychotherapy, and culturalRead MorePsychology : Learning, Development, Stress And Health, And Personality Theories1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthat’s fine. Psychology plays a major role in the way we are brought up and who we are today. Believe it or not, the way we are taught and the way we are are today deals with the way our brain has grown and developed throughout our years on this earth. During psychology class, I learned about many different theories that different people came up with to clarify how we act today. In thi s paper i’m going to use my knowledge of learning, development, stress and health, and personality theories and integrateRead MoreIndividual Psychology in the Real World809 Words   |  3 PagesIndividual psychology is a theory developed by Alfred Alder to explain human personality and the behaviors that stem from that personality. His personality theory regards people in a positive light especially in their potential to overcome physical disabilities and the feelings of inferiority that stem from them. Individual psychology can also be used to explain underlying causes of mental and physical disorders. Susan E. Belangee in her article â€Å"Couples and Eating Disorders: An Individual PsychologyRead MoreInterview With The Personality Theorist1318 Words   |  6 Pagesassignment is to prepare a transcript for a mocked interview with four personality theorist. The four personality theorists included in this interview are; Horney, Erikson, Jung, and Adler. In this mocked in terview, one will pretend to ask each theorist a combination of questions about the viewpoints of Sigmund Freud, and his daughter, Anna Freud. In addition, each theorist will explain what impact they believe their work has had on psychology as they see it today. Outline of Interview Interviewer: KathleenRead MoreFreudian Psychoanalysis As The Forerunner Of All Psychotherapeutic Methods979 Words   |  4 Pagescoping mechanism (Jones Butman, 2012) Freud’s model of personality posits that: 1. There are three levels of consciousness: the conscious experiences, the preconscious experiences, and unconscious experiences, however, all behavior is determined by unconscious experiences. 2. Human Behavior is determined by past unresolved events from childhood. 3. Human behavior is determined by the interaction of sexual and aggressive drives. 4. Personality is structured in terms the id, ego and superego. The idRead MoreWhat Can Psychology Teach Us About Human Development?1558 Words   |  7 PagesPSYCHOLOGY ESSAY WHAT CAN PSYCHOLOGY TEACH US ABOUT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT? WORDCOUNT 1532 INTRODUCTION Psychology evolved out of both philosophy and biology. Discussions on the two subjects date as far back as the early Greek thinkers such as Aristotle and Socrates. The word psychology is derived from the Greek word ‘psyche’ meaning ‘soul’ or ‘mind’. Psychology is both an applied and academic field, that is the scientific study Of behaviour and experience. Research into psychology helps us toRead MorePsychology : The Positive Psychology Movement1269 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most recent branches of psychology to emerge is the positive psychology movement. Based on the text, positive psychology is one of the most important aspects in determining how to enhance the personality by helping individuals recognize their human potential to learn and achieve. In this assignment one will compare the view points of Maslow, Rogers, and the positive psychology movement concerning individual personality. Recent studies have shown that personality theory and assessment plays an importantRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1292 Words   |  6 Pages Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the differences between people’s behaviors in terms of patterns, cognitions, and emotion. Personality psychology has been around for centuries, since Hippocrates’ Four Humors. Personality psychology has taken on many forms and has continued to develop throughout the centuries. Personality psychology is also developed with and from other fields of psychology like child development, behavioral, cognitive, and few others. PersonalityRead MoreWhy Is Psychology Useful?1541 Words   |  7 Pages Why Is Psychology Useful: In its primary form, psychology studies humans- who and what they are and what they are. Psychology looks into why people act and think a certain way and how someone can improve themselves. Psychology allows people to understand more about how the mind and body works together. Knowledge such as this can help with decision making processes and avoiding stressful situations. It can help with time management, setting and achieving goalsRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychoanalysis On The Unconscious Phases Of Personality Development1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of Psychoanalysis In the early 1800s, Psychologist and researchers were fervent in postulating and hypothesizing. Searching earnestly for answers to the many questions that were prevalent in those days. The theory of Psychoanalysis was one of such theory that was founded. Psychoanalysis emphases on the unconscious phases of personality development. The main tenets of this theory are characterized into four subsections. Firstly, it states that early childhood experiences are important in

Marketing Strategy For New Business Development - 1887 Words

Introduction Healthy Potion is a business that specializes in producing a unique healthy beverage. It is in a good developing situation and has made considerable profits from its current business activities. However, the business that has reliance on one single product and single operation system might have difficulty in sustainable development in the long run. Therefore, it is significant for the business to work out plans for business diversification with improvement of its risk management for the future growth. This case study report will provide strategic analysis and strategy for new business development using SWOT analysis as well as some recommendations funds raising. Strategic Analysis Healthy Potion has a favourable business†¦show more content†¦As a private retail company, Healthy Potion has few external stakeholders and it means that the owner has the perfect control of all stores. In addition, the business has obtained a brand name, which has a large amount of recurring customers from the significantly increasing sales, and it helps to improve the customers’ power and loyalty (Guthrie 2008). However, there are several weaknesses existing in the business. The production of the beverages requires the importation of some special concentrate from China and that means there are high delivery costs and import duty costs.. Nevertheless, the single-product business model lacks diversity and can hardly satisfy customers’ expectation in products and have sustainable growth in the future. Healthy Potion is a business that produces unique healthy non-alcohol beverages, and it is a relatively new business in the beverage industry. That means the busin ess has a tight budget and limited financial resources, such as funding, sources of income and investment opportunities (Australian Beverage Council 2013). The business also faces with opportunities as well as threats. Healthy Potion keeps in firm connection with Chinese suppliers and it can bring benefits to getting increasing reputation and competitive advantages in the international financial

Research Design & Methods Literature Review

Question: Discuss about theResearch Design Methodsfor Literature Review. Answer: Introduction The present research is undertaken to evaluate and examine the use of nano materials in concrete. Nano materials can be described as the smallest particle of nano-scale dimensions produced by nanotechnology. The materials are used in preparation of concrete with the increasing development in nano-science. In this context, the present research addresses the significance of nonmaterial for construction industry with special reference to concrete. The literature review addresses the past, present and future developments with reference to use of nano-materials in concrete industry. Discussion of Literature Use of Nano-Materials in Concrete Industry As per the views of Chakraborty and Kim (2014) the construction industry is emphasizing on the use of nano-materials for concrete making. Nano-particles can be defined as engineered particles comprising of size 1-100nm developed with the use of nanotechnology. The construction industry of any country contributes heavily to the growth of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) through providing employment and also energy resources. The construction industry is incorporating the use of nanotechnology materials largely for extending the lifetime of the constructional structures. According to Joharia, Ahmadb and Maslehuddinc (2014) the nano-materials also prevent the occurrence of various hazards such as fire, corrosion, fractures and cracks by incorporating in the concrete. The use of concrete in development of cement results in its better generation by making it more durable and strong. The most important nano-materials being used in the formation of concrete are nano alumina, nano-titania and nano-silica. Nano-Alumina is increasing the mechanical properties of cement through increasing its strength and activating its hydraulic properties. Also, nano-alumina makes cement to settle faster and decreases its temperature by acting like flux. In the opinion of Chuah et al (2014) nano-titania particles are used in development of concrete as it is known to have properties of increasing the stability, anti-corrosiveness and photo-catalytic characteristics of the cement. Also, nano-titania is believed to possess self-cleaning properties and thus makes concrete pollution cleansing and self disinfecting. The use of nano-titania also extends the design life of concrete by disintegrating the organic pollutants into harmless carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight. Thus, buildings encompassing the use of nano-titania stay clean and beautiful for longer duration of time. Spiesz and Brouwers (2014) have stated that Nano-silica is also being largely used in concrete development due to its large tensile strength and large surface area. Also, it is known to have properties of preventing silicosis and reduces the occurrence of pollution when it is being mixed in concrete. The particles of silica also reduce the alkaline properties of concrete and enhance its resistance against the attack of chemical agents. Thus, it can be said that the use of nano-materials plays an important role in decreasing the environment pollution and also increases the durability of concrete. Therefore, it can be said that incorporation of nano-materials is extremely useful for sustainable development of concrete industry. Past, Present and Future use of Nano-Materials in Concrete According to Patil and Pendharkar (2016) nano-materials have extensive potential to be used in the development of construction industry materials. They are providing various advantages to the construction industry through increasing the strength and workability of concrete. The resistance power of concrete gets increased through the incorporation of nano-materials and thus infrastructure developed stays durable and beautiful for longer period of time. The evolution of nano-sconce in the past has caused the development of nano-materials and their use in construction industry. The achievement of better outcomes through their utilization has resulted in their greater use in present days in concrete. They have been used in past to develop germ-free laboratories, hospitals, waterproof buildings and for environment protection. The nano-materials are also used largely in present for preventing the occurrence of environment pollution and increasing the design life of concrete. Yu et al. (2014) have stated that the realization of numerous advantages of nano-materials has caused the RD researchers to examine and analyze their use in concrete in future context. The research and development scientists are actively involved in analyzing the various properties of nano-materials for examining their future potential in concrete development. The scientists have argued that though nano-materials have various potential benefits to be used in construction industry there are also some serious limitations for their use in concrete. The major drawback associated with the use of nano-materials is the occurrence of various health issues with their use as they are smallest particles that can easily enter the respiratory systems of human beings. Also, the high cost involved in the use of nano-materials in concrete making may restrict its extensive use in construction industry. The nano-products are very expensive to be used due to use of high technology devices for producing them. Thus, manufacturers are not adopting the use of nano-materials in development of concrete. The lack of awareness among the manufacturers is also a major factor involved in restricting the use of nano-products in concrete. Research Methodology used in Literature Review The literature review has incorporated the use of qualitative research method to explore and examine the various facts related to use of nano-materials in concrete with reference to past, present and future. The qualitative research method involves collecting information from various academic sources related to the research topic and extracting the key facts from them. Summary of Key Issues and Findings Thus, it can be summarized form the overall literature review carried out nano-materials use in construction industry is very beneficial for supporting its growth and development. Nano-materials increases the design life of concrete thus enhancing the sustainability of infrastructure developed. The use of nanotechnology has caused the development f various new building projects. Thus, nano-science cause large scale changes in the construction industry by providing it various economic benefits. The implications for the future researchers as analyzed from reviewing the literary source related t the topic exist finding the mechanisms by which nano-materials impacts the flow properties of concrete. There is high need to investigate the properties of concrete comprising of varying percentages of nano-materials as partial replacement of cement. References Chuah, S., Pan, Z., Sanjayan, J. G., Wang, C.M., and Duan, W. H. 2014. Nano reinforced cement and concrete composites and new perspective from graphene oxide. Construction and Building Materials 73, pp. 113-124. Jo, B.W., Chakraborty and Kim. K.H. 2014. Investigation on the effectiveness of chemically synthesized nano cement in controlling the physical and mechanical performances of concrete. Construction and Building Materials 70, pp. 1-8. Patil, J. and Pendharkar, U. 2016. Study of Effect of Nanomaterials as Cement Replacement on Physical Properties of Concrete. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) 3(01), pp. 300-308. Yu, R., Spiesz, P., Brouwers, H.J.H. 2014. Effect of nano-silica on the hydration and microstructure development of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) with a low binder amount. Construction and Building Materials 65, pp. 140-150. Yu, R., Tang, P., Spiesz, P., Brouwers,H.J.H. 2014. A study of multiple effects of nano-silica and hybrid fibres on the properties of Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) incorporating waste bottom ash (WBA).Construction and Building Materials 60, pp. 98-110. Yusufa,M.O., Joharia, M.A.M., Ahmadb, Z.A. and Maslehuddinc, M. 2014. Evolution of alkaline activated ground blast furnace slagultrafine palm oil fuel ash based concrete.Materials Design 55, pp. 387-393.

The Importance of Morphemic Analysis in English Learning Essay Example

The Importance of Morphemic Analysis in English Learning Paper Morpheme From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest component of a word, or other linguistic unit, that has semantic meaning. The term is used as part of the branch of linguistics known as morphology (linguistics). A morpheme is composed by phoneme(s) (the smallest linguistically distinctive units of sound) in spoken language, and by grapheme(s) (the smallest units of written language) in written language. The concept of word and morpheme are different: a morpheme may or may not stand alone. One or several morphemes compose a word. A morpheme is free if it can stand alone (ex: lie, cake), or bound if it is used exclusively alongside a free morpheme (ex: im in impossible). Its actual phonetic representation is the morph, with the different morphs (in-, im-) representing the same morpheme being grouped as its allomorphs. English example: The word unbreakable has three morphemes: un-, a bound morpheme; break, a free morpheme; and -able, a bound morpheme. un- is also a prefix, -able is a suffix. Both un- and -able are affixes. The morpheme plural-s has the morph -s, /s/, in cats (/k? ts/), but -es, /? z/, in dishes (/d z/), and even the voiced -s, /z/, in dogs (/d z/). -s. These are allomorphs. Whether or not a word is divided on all available morphemes is debatable. Some morphologists decompose the words completely as it was formed etymologically while others only decompose what there is evidence to decompose in the modern use of the word. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Morphemic Analysis in English Learning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Morphemic Analysis in English Learning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Morphemic Analysis in English Learning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The word governmental has either three morphemes: govern, a free morpheme: ment, a bound morpheme; and -al, a bound morpheme. Or, depending on the syntactic framework, it has two morphemes: government and -al. The word predict has either two morphemes: pre- a bound morpheme, and dict a bound morpheme, or one morpheme: predict a free morpheme. |Contents | |[hide] | |1 Types of morphemes | |1. Other variants | |2 Morphological analysis | |3 Changing definitions of Morpheme | |4 See also | |5 References | |6 External links | Types of morphemes †¢ Free morphemes, like town and dog, can appear with other lexemes (as in town hall or dog house) or they can stand alone, i. . , free. †¢ Bound morphemes like un- appear only together with other morphemes to form a lexeme. Bound morphemes in general tend to be prefixes and suffixes. Unproductive, non-affix morphemes that exist only in bound form are known as cranberry morphemes, from the cran in that very word. †¢ Derivational morphemes can be added to a word to create (derive) another word: the addition of -ness to happy, for example, to give happiness. They carry semantic information. Inflectional morphemes modify a words tense, number, aspect, and so on, without deriving a new word or a word in a new grammatical category (as in the dog morpheme if written with the plural marker morpheme -s becomes dogs). They carry grammatical information. †¢ Allomorphs are variants of a morpheme, e. g. , the plural marker in English is sometimes realized as /-z/, /-s/ or /-? z/ Other variants †¢ Null morpheme †¢ Root morpheme †¢ Word stem Morphological analysis In natural language processing for Japanese, Chinese and other languages, morphological analysis is a process of segmenting a given sentence into a row of morphemes. It is closely related to Part-of-speech tagging, but word segmentation is required for these languages because word boundaries are not indicated by blank spaces. Famous Japanese morphological analysers include Juman, ChaSen and Mecab. Changing definitions of Morpheme In gennerative grammar the definition of a morpheme depends heavily on whether syntactic trees have morphemes as leafs or features as leafs. †¢ Direct surface to syntax mapping LFG – leafs are words †¢ Direct syntax to semantics mapping Leafs in syntactic trees spell out morphemes: Distributed morphology – leafs are morphemes o Branches in syntactic trees spell out morphemes:Radical Minimalism and Nanosyntax -leafs are nano morpho-syntactic features Given the definition of morpheme as the smallest meaningful unit Nanosyntax aims to account for idioms where it is often an entire syntactic tree which contributes the smallest meaningful unit. An example idiom is Dont let the cat out of the bag where the idiom is composed of let the cat out of the bag and that might be considered a semantic morpheme, which is composed of many syntactic morphemes. Other cases where the smallest meaningfull unit is larger than a word include some collocations such as in view of and business intelligence where the words together have a specific meaning. The definition of morphemes also play a significant role in the interfaces of generative grammar in the following theoretical constructs; †¢ Event semantics The idea that each productive morpheme must have a compositional semantic meaning (a denotation), and if the meaning is there, there must be a morpheme (null or overt). Spell-out The interface where syntactic/semantic structures are spelled-out using words or morphemes with phonological content. This can also be thought of as lexical insertion into the syntactics See also |[pic] |Look up morpheme in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. | Linguistics †¢ International Phonetic Alphabet †¢ Hybrid word †¢ Alternation (linguistics) †¢ Theoretical linguistics †¢ Marker (linguistics) †¢ Morphological parsing Lexicology †¢ Greek morphemes †¢ Lexeme †¢ Morphophonology †¢ Chereme †¢ Grapheme †¢ Phoneme †¢ Sememe †¢ Floating tone References †¢ Spencer, Andrew (1992). Morphological Theory. Oxford: Blackwell. External links Glossary of Reading Terms †¢ Comprehensive and searchable morpheme reference †¢ Linguistics 001 — Lecture 7 — Morphology by Prof. Mark Lieberman †¢ Morphemes — A New Threat to Society: A humorous look at morphemes. Accurate, but purposely confuses morphemes with narcotics (i. e. , morphine). †¢ Morpheme Study Aid †¢ Pronunciation of the word morpheme Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Morpheme Categories: Units of linguistic morphology | Greek loanwords Personal tools †¢ Log in / create account Namespaces †¢ Article †¢ Discussion Variants Views †¢ Read †¢ View source †¢ View history Actions Search [pic] [pic][pic] Navigation †¢ Main page †¢ Contents †¢ Featured content †¢ Current events †¢ Random article †¢ Donate to Wikipedia Interaction †¢ Help †¢ About Wikipedia †¢ Community portal †¢ Recent changes †¢ Contact Wikipedia Toolbox †¢ What links here †¢ Related changes †¢ Upload file †¢ Special pages †¢ Permanent link †¢ Cite this page Print/export †¢ Create a book †¢ Download as PDF †¢ Printable version Languages †¢ Afrikaans †¢ †¢ Brezhoneg †¢ †¢ Catala †¢ †¢ Cesky †¢ Cymraeg †¢ Dansk †¢ Deutsch †¢ Eesti †¢ †¢ Espanol †¢ Esperanto †¢ †¢ Francais †¢ Frysk †¢ Gaeilge †¢ Galego †¢ †¢ †¢ Hornjoserbsce †¢ Hrvatski †¢ Ido †¢ Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua †¢ Islenska †¢ Italiano †¢ †¢ †¢ Kiswahili †¢ Kurdi †¢ Limburgs †¢ Magyar â € ¢ Nederlands †¢ †¢ ? Norsk (bokmal)? †¢ ? Norsk (nynorsk)? †¢ Novial †¢ Plattduutsch †¢ Polski †¢ Portugues †¢ Romana †¢ Runa Simi †¢ †¢ Scots †¢ Simple English †¢ Slovencina †¢ / †¢ Slovenscina †¢ Suomi †¢ Svenska †¢ Tagalog †¢ Turkce †¢ †¢ Veneto †¢ Walon †¢ †¢ This page was last modified on 31 May 2011 at 04:45. †¢ Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. a non-profit organization. †¢ Contact us †¢ Privacy policy †¢ About Wikipedia †¢ Disclaimers †¢ [pic] †¢ [pic] |We empower you to use this information in making sound instructional decisions to improve reading outcomes. | | | †¢ Essentials for Reading Success [pic] |Components of Reading | |Readi ng research over the last 20 years has identified the critical skills that students must acquire very early in reading | |development to ensure that they can read at grade level by third grade. These skills are in the areas of phonemic awareness,| |phonics, fluency in reading text, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. The development of these skills is critical to | |getting off to a good start in reading, and we can begin to assess them as early as kindergarten. Students who lag behind in| |the development of these skills in early elementary school are in danger of not being able to read at grade level by third | |grade. |Types of Assessment | |Assessment is the process of collecting data for the purposes of specifying and verifying problems, and making instructional| |decisions about students. Assessment may be formal or informal and is conducted through a variety of methods: record | |reviews, interviews, observations, and testing. There are three types of assessments that are typically used to inform | |instruction: screening, progress monitoring, and diagnostic measures. |Layers of Instruction | |Assessment is the process of collecting data for the purposes of speci fying and verifying problems, and making instructional| |decisions about students. Assessment may be formal or informal and is conducted through a variety of methods: record | |reviews, interviews, observations, and testing. There are three types of assessments that are typically used to inform | |instruction: screening, progress monitoring, and diagnostic measures. | Elements of Effective Instruction [pic] High quality reading instruction incorporates the five components of reading delivered through a coherent instructional design. Research has repeatedly demonstrated the importance of initial instruction that includes the five critical components of reading: Phonological Awareness, Phonics, Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension. To be most effective, the five critical components need to be taught explicitly within classrooms that are strongly positive and engaging, use writing activities to support literacy, and provide students with many opportunities to read interesting text and complete authentic reading and writing assignments. Teachers typically follow a core reading curriculum to guide instruction in whole and small group settings. Small group instruction should be individualized to reflect the instructional needs of the students. Individual student needs are determined by formal screening and progress monitoring assessments, classroom assessments, and teacher observations. The goal is to use information from multiple sources to group students in a way that makes instruction in critical reading skills most efficient. For more information on the content and sequence for delivery of these please see Components of Reading. How to Differentiate Instruction [pic] What is Differentiated Instruction? Differentiated Instruction is matching instruction to meet the needs of individual learners. The teacher forms small, flexible teacher–led instructional groups based on student data and observations. The teacher groups students with similar instructional needs, limiting the size of the group based on the intensity of instruction needed. The focus and format of reading skills instruction varies with the skill level of the students. How often and how long the teacher meets with each small group varies depending on student needs. Students who are more at risk will need to meet more frequently and for longer periods. This small group targeted skill instruction supplements and reinforces high quality and consistent initial reading instruction. When is Differentiated Instruction Implemented? Differentiated Instruction is implemented during the 90+ minute reading block. Whole group instruction is provided using the core reading curriculum as a guide, and is usually followed by small group reading centers to develop reading skills both cooperatively and independently. During the reading center time, the classroom teacher meets with small groups to provide systematic and explicit instruction in identified reading skill areas. How is Differentiated Instruction Implemented in the Classroom? Differentiated Instruction is implemented in the teacher-led group. The teacher forms small, flexible groups based on student data and observations. Students and classes vary from one another in many important ways. For that reason, there is no one correct way to place students into small groups for instruction. The suggested number of students per group is 1-4 for struggling readers (intensive and strategic) and 5-8 for those students on grade level for reading. The smaller group size is needed for struggling readers because it allows the teacher more opportunity to individualize reading instruction. The classroom is then organized based on how frequently the teacher needs to meet with each group per week (e. g. , group meets daily, group meets 3 times per week) and the number of minutes per day (e. g. , 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes).